The Argument from Fallacy, also known as the fallacy fallacy, is a logical fallacy that assumes that just because an argument contains a fallacy, its conclusion must necessarily be false. This cognitive bias is a form of misinterpretation where individuals erroneously conclude that the presence of flawed reasoning invalidates a proposition's truth.
Belief bias is a type of cognitive bias that occurs when an individual's evaluation of the logical validity of an argument is influenced by the believability of the conclusion. People tend to accept conclusions that align with their existing beliefs and reject those that do not, regardless of the soundness of the supporting premises.
Confabulation is a cognitive bias characterized by the creation and presentation of false or distorted memories without any intent to deceive. This phenomenon is particularly noteworthy because the person producing the confabulated accounts believes them to be genuine. Often, this bias emerges when an individual attempts to fill in gaps in their memory with details that make a coherent and plausible story, even if those details do not reflect reality.
The Defensive Attribution Hypothesis is a cognitive bias where individuals attribute blame to others in a way that preserves their own sense of safety and self-esteem.
False memory cognitive bias refers to the phenomenon where a person's recollection of an event or information is distorted or entirely fabricated, often due to influential post-event information, suggestions, or external factors. This bias underscores how memories can be malleable and subject to change over time, driven by our interpretation and adaptation to new experiences or details.
The implicit associations cognitive bias refers to the automatic associations some individuals hold about groups of people, ingrained at an unconscious level. These associations can influence attitudes, judgments, and behaviors, often without the individual being aware of them. This bias falls under the broader category of implicit stereotypes, which are the unconscious beliefs and attitudes toward particular groups based on race, gender, age, or other factors.
The Just-world hypothesis is a cognitive bias that leads individuals to believe that the world is inherently fair and that people ultimately get what they deserve. This belief can shape the way individuals perceive events and the behavior of others, often leading to a skewed interpretation of reality.
The misattribution of memory is a cognitive bias that involves incorrectly recalling the source or context of a particular memory. It occurs when a person attributes a memory or idea to the wrong source, leading to distortions and inaccuracies in recollection. This bias can cause individuals to believe they remember something that never actually happened or confuse the details of separate events.
The misinformation effect is a cognitive bias that occurs when a person's memory of an event becomes less accurate due to the influence of post-event information. This phenomenon often leads to the creation of false memories and impacts an individual's ability to recall events as they actually occurred.
The Moral Credential Effect is a cognitive bias where an individual's prior ethical behavior gives them a license to engage in potentially unethical actions without feeling guilty or damaging their self-image. It occurs when having previously made a moral choice allows someone to feel less compelled to act morally in subsequent situations.
Moral luck is a cognitive bias where individuals unfairly judge the moral value of an action based on its outcome rather than the intent behind it. This bias challenges the traditional notion of morality, which usually aims to assess actions based solely on the agent's intentions and ethical principles.
Omission bias is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to judge harmful actions as worse or less morally acceptable than equally harmful omissions (inactions). In simple terms, people often believe that doing something harmful is worse than failing to prevent harm. This bias is a significant concern within the realm of decision-making and ethics, as it can lead to skewed perceptions and judgments.
The Rhyme as reason effect, also known as the 'Eaton-Rosen phenomenon,' is a cognitive bias where people perceive rhyming statements as more truthful or accurate compared to non-rhyming equivalents. This effect capitalizes on the human inclination towards simple, complete phrases over complex or ambiguous ones, suggesting that a statement's form can significantly influence its perceived truthfulness.
Suggestibility is a cognitive bias where a person's memory or perception can be influenced by external information, leading to the incorporation of inaccurate details into their memories or beliefs. This bias often occurs when individuals are exposed to misleading information after an event, which can reinforce or alter their recollections.
The telescoping effect is a cognitive bias that affects how individuals perceive the timing of past or future events. This phenomenon leads people to either perceive recent events as farther away than they are or perceive distant events as more recent. It often results in distorted recollections of when certain events occurred.